Lipid Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsies: Novel Opportunities for Cancer Diagnosis
Referat
Abstract: Altered cellular metabolism is a well-established hallmark of cancer. Although most studies
have focused on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine, the upregulation of lipid metabolism
is also frequent in cells undergoing oncogenic transformation. In fact, cancer cells need to meet
the enhanced demand of plasma membrane synthesis and energy production to support their
proliferation. Moreover, lipids are precursors of signaling molecules, termed lipid mediators, which
play a role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Recent methodological advances in lipid analysis
have prompted studies aimed at investigating the whole lipid content of a sample (lipidome) to
unravel the complexity of lipid changes in cancer patient biofluids. This review focuses on the
application of mass spectrometry-based lipidomics for the discovery of cancer biomarkers. Here, we
have summarized the main lipid alteration in cancer patients’ biofluids and uncovered their potential
use for the early detection of the disease and treatment selection. We also discuss the advantages
of using biofluid-derived extracellular vesicles as a platform for lipid biomarker discovery. These
vesicles have a molecular signature that is a fingerprint of their originating cells. Hence, the analysis
of their molecular cargo has emerged as a promising strategy for the identification of sensitive and
specific biomarkers compared to the analysis of the unprocessed biofluid.
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